Studying with Chilli

Disclaimer: This is a collection of information based on my own research, please do not use this as a direct source of medical advise/information as I am not educated enough to provide that sort of help! I found out about this disorder and decided to research it further, all sources are linked at the end of the article. What is motor neuron disease? Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is an umbrella term for a range of neurological disorders where motor neurones are destroyed/die prematurely.  Motor neurons are a type of nerve cell that transmit messages from the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to effectors. Effectors are cells that respond to a stimulus, for example muscle cells.   Considering that motor neurones are affected, movement is greatly affected by MND. Since muscles don't receive the messages to move from the brain, increasingly less movement occurs causing muscles to weaken overtime. The effect of this can be felt greatly as the disease progres...

 This article relates to a game that I am very fond of which is Detroit Become Human! This is a game about Ai gaining their own sense of consciousness resulting in many "androids" (human like robots) disobeying their human owners. The three playable characters are Kara, Connor and Markus who all demonstrate different aspects of social influence, as explained below. Obedience All android characters initially obey who they believe to be in authority: their human owners. There is a shift from obedience to disobedience as the characters face unethical situations where they are expected to do nothing.  Although this is mainly due to the idea of androids being computers and therefore programmed to behave a certain way, we can identify certain ideas: Humans are a legitimate authority as the societal hierarchy is structured so that humans have power over androids. Furthermore they have teh ability to punish by deactivating the androids. All playable characters shift from an ...

  This is my entry to the Minds Underground Psychology essay competition. Sadly I did not win, but hopefully it provides an interesting read for you regardless! How can the mind be altered by changes to the brain?  Neuroplasticity The understanding of how the brain is able to adapt has changed overtime. It was originally believed that after the brain finishes developing in childhood, past this point it is no longer able to adapt and change. However, the understanding of the brain has changed and developed overtime with the term “plasticity” being used to describe the state of the brain.  Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change and adapt its activity in response to external stimuli (Puderbaugh M, Emmady PD, 2022). This process of adaptation is evident in a well known study performed by Ivan Pavlov (1927) where pathways in the dog’s brains adapted to strengthen the association between the sound of a bell and the receival of meat, resulting in salivation...

Recently, a species of snailfish have been found at around 8,200 metres underwater, the lowest any fish has every been found. The survival of these fish so deep under has been accredited to TMAO. The effects of TMAO seem to decrease at lower temperatures meaning that the depth that these fish were found seem to be the limit to how low fish can go. So, why is TMAO so important? What is  TMAO ? Osmolytes are organic, low-molecular weight compounds. They stabilize  proteins by influencing protein folding. Examples of osmolytes include amino acids, sugars and urea.  TMAO is one osmolyte found in the tissue of marine animals and stabilise the proteins present in the cells of fish. This prevents the proteins from being distorted due to the high pressures. The concentration of TMAO found in fish increases as you go deeper underwater. TMAO is also an osmoprotectant. These are molecules that have a neutral charge and have low toxicity at hig...

Transmission There are many ways malware can infect your device, the most commonly known method is downloading files from untrustworthy sources such websites, removable storage devices and emails. What underlies all of these interactions is that your device taking something into it's system, such as a file, where it can wreak havoc.  This idea of something harmful entering a system can be seen in the transmission of viruses between organisms. There is a point of direct or indirect contact between organisms that allows viruses to hop from one organism to another and cause infection. For example, through contact with infected surfaces, airborne particles or food. In these examples you are unknowingly taking a virus in and introducing it to your body where it can cause harm. In both scenarios, it is not known that a virus has entered the body (or malware has entered the device) until detected. Harm caused by these viruses are similar Computer viruses cause harm by replicating themselv...

This is a question that arose from learning about the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides in class...   Structure of Metal Hydroxides Metal hydroxides consist of metal cations and negative hydroxide ions. Therefore when bonded they form giant ionic lattices. What determines solubility? Solubility can be determined by how hydrophilic (water loving) a compound is. Most ionic compounds are soluble in water due to the polarity of water.  Water has a positive an negative partial pole. One end of the water molecule is negative due to the lone pair of electrons located on the oxygen atom. The other end of the water molecule is positive due to the slightly positive hydrogen. The partial poles attract the oppositely charged ions in the metal hydroxides causing the molecules to split. Why do Group 2 hydroxides become more soluble down the group? The size of the metal cations increases down the group as electrons fill an additional energy level. This decreases the lattice ene...